Israel killed thousands of Palestinians amid its intensified assault on Gaza City, while U.S. President Trump unveiled a proposal for Gaza that may offer a narrow path toward a ceasefire; Israel launched airstrikes on Qatar.

In Gaza, Israel stepped up offensive on Gaza City as Trump announced new plan. Israel continued high-intensity attacks across Gaza strip, killing over 2,500 Palestinians in Sept as death toll by end of month surpassed at least 66,000 since Oct 2023. Notably, Israeli forces pushed ahead with air and ground assaults on Gaza City, forcing many of city’s 800,000-1mn inhabitants to flee to overcrowded areas in the south; UN Office of Human Rights 16 Sept stated campaign seeks “permanent demographic shift” that is “tantamount to ethnic cleansing”; operation appears aimed at erasing Gaza City entirely. Israeli military 12 Sept closed Zikim crossing, through which aid can enter northern Gaza, which UN warned may potentially exacerbate famine. UN’s Independent International Commission of Inquiry – independent body established by UN Human Rights Council in 2021 – 16 Sept found Israel had “committed four genocidal acts”. U.S. President Trump 29 Sept presented 20-point proposal on Gaza’s future, which PM Netanyahu welcomed and Arab and other states gave conditional support as Hamas mulled its response; plan would exchange Israeli and Palestinian hostages, halt fighting and place Gaza under international regime, but leaves details and sequencing vague.

In West Bank, Israel presented plan to annex majority of land. Israeli Finance Minister and de facto West Bank governor Bezalel Smotrich 3 Sept presented plan to annex 82% of West Bank – including Areas B and C and major cities like Bethlehem – that he described as “maximum land, minimum Arabs”; Israeli PM Netanyahu 11 Sept reiterated “there will be no Palestinian state”, as multiple Western states late Sept recognised Palestinian statehood. Meanwhile, Israeli forces detained hundreds of Palestinians in Tulkarem city in north after IED 11 Sept reportedly injured two Israeli soldiers. Israeli settlers 12 Sept shot dead Palestinian north east of Ramallah. Jordanian aid truck driver 18 Sept killed two Israeli soldiers at Allenby Bridge (see Jordan).

Israel launched unprecedented attack on Qatar. Israel 9 Sept struck Hamas political office in Qatar’s capital Doha, killing five Hamas members and Qatari security officer (see Qatar).

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